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== Introduction == Energy has always been a major point of the European construction. The treaty of Paris signed in 1951, establish European Coal Union aims to integrate its Member States' fragmented electricity and Steel Community (ECSC). The aim was to create natural gas markets into a common '''single energy market for coal and steel among Belgium''', France, West Germany, Italy and under the pillar of economic [[competitiveness]] which is one of the Netherland, in order to neutralise competition between European nations over natural resources and ensure a good energy supply within those countriesthree key objectives of its [[Energy Strategy]].

The implementation of Energy and [[competitiveness]] policy has progressed in the Energy Union strategy last 20 years with a forward looking climate change policy was launched as one of the political priorities of focus on the Juncker Commission in February 2015. The goal of the union is to make single energy more securemarket and investment on '''infrastructure''', affordable as well as with constant support for '''research and sustainableinnovation'''. It will allow a free flow of energy across borders and a secure supply in every <ref name="EPgov">European Parliament: [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/518776/IPOL_STU(2015)518776_EN.pdf EU country through one unique internal energy market. Energy Governance for the Future]</ref>

== The three phases in the deregulation of the Single market: == The first two phases, so-called free market, are following the adoption of Directive 96/9 2 of 19 December 1996 which established the principle of opening up sites of over 100 GW / year in national energy markets. Due to the limited success of this first Directive, it was repealed in 2003 and replaced by Directive 2003/54 / EC that aimed at speeding up liberalization. This is commonly referred to as "the second energy-climate package". In France, these two Directives have been included in National law through law 2000-108 of 10 February 2000 and 2004-803 of 9 August 2004, amended by Law No. 2003-8 of 3 January 2003 and Law No 2006-1537 of 7 December 2006.

== EU The three phases of market deregulation == The energy market has been a policy topic since the 90s, which was expressed in particular by the three energy market packages (in 1996-1998, 2003 and 2009).  ===The First and Second Energy Markets Legislation Packages===The first two phases towards the so-called free market, are following the adoption of Directive 96/9 2 of 19 December 1996 which established the principle of opening up sites of over 100 GW/year in national energy markets. Due to the limited success of this first Directive, it was repealed in 2003 and replaced by [http: //eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0054 Directive 2003/54/EC] that aimed at speeding up liberalisation. This is commonly referred to as the 3rd '''second energy-climate package'''. * In France, these two Directives have been included in National law through law 2000-108 of 10 February 2000 and 2004-803 of 9 August 2004, amended by Law No. 2003-8 of 3 January 2003 and Law No 2006-1537 of 7 December 2006. === The Third Energy Package package ===

# Unbundling# Independent regulators # Co-operation of National regulators# Cross-border cooperation of transmission operators# Open and fair retail markets === 1. = Unbundling: ====Requires an ownership separation for [[Powergrids|electricity generation and transmission networks]]. Companies active in both generation and transmission are therefore required to split up. This forced split aims at increasing competition.

=== 2. = Independent regulators ====

=== 3. = Co-operation of National national regulators ====A new Agency, the [[Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators ]] (ACER), was formed to help national regulators coordinate the smooth functioning of an integrated energy market. The agency is independet independent of the [[European Commission]], [[Shared Competence (EU)|national governments]], and energy companies. Areas of work for the agency include: deciding on cross-border issues in case of disagreement and monitoring e.g. retail prices.

=== 4. = Cross-border cooperation of transmission operators ====

Due to the cross-border nature of Europe's energy market, they must work together to ensure the optimal management of EU networks. This is done through the [[European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity|European Network for Transmission System Operators for Electricity ]] (ENTSO-E) and the European Network for Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG). (Taken from: <ref>European Commission [https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/markets-and-consumers/market-legislation)Markets and consumers]</ref>

=== 5. = Open and fair retail markets ====