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===== Security and cybersecutiry =====
Security programs typically focus on protection of human life, safety, and tangible and intangible assets. With a system that handles power generation, transmission, and distribution, security responsibility extends beyond the traditional walls of the data center. Two major components of smart grid security are cyber security and physical security. Physical security mechanisms protect people, data, equipment, systems, facilities, and many other assets. <ref name="3o"/>
<br/>Another concern is the susceptibility of smart grids to cyber-hacking, as highlighted by several cases in the USA where hackers were able to access smart grids through appliances such as smart meters. The European Network for Information and Security Agency (ENISA) has outlined appropriate security measures to minimise this kind of risk in a detailed report<ref> Recommended read: ENISA [https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/appropriate-security-measures-for-smart-grids Appropriate security measures for smart grids]</ref>. The European Commission and its Smart Grids Task Force, which includes industry representatives, take the view that data privacy and security issues can be adequately addressed through existing legislation.<ref>European Parliament Briefing, December 2015 [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/568318/EPRS_BRI(2015)568318_EN.pdf Smart electricity grids and meters in the EU Member States</ref> ====Regulatory issues====Some of the main issues on the regulatory front on an EU level are:* the liberalisation of the electricity sector, still ongoing * the need to redefine roles and responsibilities of the different actors implied, such as Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and Transmission System Operators (TSOs).* the need redesign electricity market rules and integrate Renewable Energy Sources ====Financial issues====The main obstacle here is that investments for smart grids projects deployment are rather low.====Consumers’ side====It is still rather unclear what the costs and benefits for consumers will be. As at the moment the costs tend to outweigh the benefits, there is much hostility preventing from widespread public acceptance. ====Industrial policy and infrastructure==== ====Reliability====Reliability is the ability of a component or system to perform required functions under stated conditions for a stated period of time [IEEE Std 493-2007]. The extent and complexity of the smart grid architecture will introduce challenges to the reliability of the grid to a magnitude that may not exist today. Equally, the magnitude and geographical extent to which disruption of the grid can be affected will no doubt increase as complex architectures and communications facilities pervade into operations of the EPS at every level. <ref name="3o" />
==Links for further research==
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