Demand response
demand response (DR) is defined as “Changes in electric usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity over time, or to incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high wholesale market prices or when system reliability is jeopardized” according to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [1]. DR includes all intentional modifications to consumption patterns of electricity to induce customers that are intended to alter the timing, level of instantaneous demand, or the total electricity consumption [2]. It is expected that demand response programs will be designed to decrease electricity consumption, improve energy efficiency or shift it from on-peak to off-peak periods depending on consumers’ preferences and lifestyles. Demand Response can be defined as "a wide range of actions which can be taken at the customer side of the electricity meter in response to particular conditions within the electricity system (such as peak period network congestion or high prices)" [3].
